We rolled into Amritsar like we have in every other city here in India: dirty, exhausted and ready for more. We had traveled 21 hours north from Agra, the home of the Taj Mahal, to spend several days in Punjab, the land of the Sikhs. Known as the breadbasket of India, Punjab supplies over 70% of India's wheat, the staple commodity that makes all the savory Indian rotis possible. It is also famous for another, more sacred, reason - the Golden Temple.
Throughout the world the Sikhs are perhaps the most easily recognizable religious group because of their long, bushy beards and precisely wrapped turbans. Their religion, however, is largely a mystery to most people outside of India, who often mistake them for Muslims because of their dress. It was because of this confusion that many Sikhs suffered intense brutality after 9/11 in America. Sadly, that kind of persecution has long been a fact of life throughout the Sikhs' short history in India. We didn't know this, of course, when we arrived to Amritsar, but as we were soon to find out, the Sikhs are more than happy to share and discuss the ways of their religion and lives with anyone willing to lend an ear.
As Jen mentioned in our last blog, Indian cities are often divided between the "Old" and "New" cities, and it was to the frenetic and dizzying chaos of the old city that we headed when we arrived in Amritsar. Our hotel was sandwiched between dozens of small shops, tucked away in a small alley filled with noise from sun-up to sun-down. Accustomed to the liveliness of Indian cities at this point, we were nonetheless astonished by the sea of bodies pouring down the road outside our hotel. Consulting our spindly, beedie smoking hotel manager, we discovered they were pilgrims and visitors making their way to the Golden Temple.
Not wasting anytime, we unloaded our bags in our room, grabbed a couple of scarfs and handkerchiefs to cover our heads (our LP conveniently reminded us that head coverings are a must in any Sikh temple), and dove into the inexorable tide flowing down the road. Just a hundred yards away, behind a large, simple gateway, sat the massive temple complex bustling with activity. Following the crowd in front of us, we discarded our shoes at a locker room and hurried towards the sound of chanting emanating from within the complex.
We walked gingerly through a long, shallow pool of water at the main entrance, past pilgrims prostrating themselves on the ground and entered into the complex proper. Stretching out before us, in all directions, was a world so dramatically different from the one we had just left behind that we were stunned into paralysis. Several thousand pilgrims moved along a marble walkway in a clockwise direction. Circumscribed by their march stood a massive holy pool, directly in the middle of which was the brilliant reflection of the Darbar Sahib, or Golden Temple. A slow, harmonic chant filled the air, bringing to life a pervasive, other-worldly presence. Sikh men bathed in the pool, splashing water upon their bodies and colorful turbans. Women and children sat in happy conversation watching and waiting. Groups of young men and old men, families and lovers, all strolled quietly along gazing out at the simple, yet radiant temple.
Originally founded in 1577, the Golden Temple is considered the holiest shrine of the Sikh religion. Despite being blessed by the enlightened Mughal emperor Akbar, the temple was attacked and destroyed by another Mughal in the mid-18th century. After being rebuilt, the great Sikh leader Maharaja Ranjit Singh added golden roofing to turn it into the present day Golden Temple. The complex itself is a spiritual mecca, attracting upwards of 40,000 pilgrims and visitors a day. Sikhs come here to pay their respects to the original copy of the Sikh Holy Book, the Guru Granth Sahib.
In the 15th century, Guru Nanak founded Sikhism because he was not satisfied with either Hinduism or Islam. He attempted to consolidate the best of both religions and set about creating a faith based less on deities and divinity and more on pragmatism, equality and living a wholesome life. For several centuries, various Sikh Gurus upheld this ideal and wrote their teachings down for later generations to study. Then at the end of his life Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Guru, declared that everything Sikhs needed had been recorded into the Granth Sahib, and thus anointed the holy book the last, and eternal, Guru.
Today, while the original Guru Granth Sahib is housed within the Golden Temple, copies of the holy book are found within every Sikh household. Many Sikhs treat the book as a real person, covering it when it is cold and protecting it from dust and the like. It provides all of the spiritual direction for the Sikh religion, and is respected as a source of knowledge rather than as a God.
As I said, we didn't know most of this when we arrived to the Golden Temple. Perhaps judging by the look of bewilderment on our foreign faces, a Sikh man with a bright blue turban and an easy smile approached us as we walked around the holy pool. After inquiring about where we were from, he swiftly adopted the role of impromptu tour guide and set about informing us of everything that had seemed so bizarre moments before.
Upon hearing that we had yet to visit the kitchens at the complex, he beckoned us to follow. In every Sikh temple throughout the world food is offered to any visitor, regardless of race, religion, or creed. Known as Guru-ka-Langer, this practice represents Sikhisms' inherent generosity and tolerance. Further, Langer provides Sikhs with an opportunity to help serve their community and strangers as they work together with their fellow followers regardless of class or gender.
Now, I know what you're thinking: if there are over 40,000 visitors to the Golden Temple everyday, how is it possible to provide this traditional service to everyone who wants food? At least, that was on my mind as our Sikh friend led us through the dining halls towards the kitchens redolent with all the sweet, pungent aromas of India.
The first room we entered in felt like a furnace. Three enormous machines stood in the middle of the room, one vigorously humming with activity. Small balls of dough were being pumped out onto a conveyor belt where they sped along to be flattened and finally hurled into a massive gas oven. Gliding to the end of the belt, they popped into a large wicker basket. Several women swiftly buttered these chapati and sent them on their way to the hungry crowds outside. From there we toured the hand-made chapati station where a dozen more men and women swiftly rolled chapati with wooden spools on marble blocks. Two pairs of Sikh men flipped dozens of chapati atop metal sheets resting above burning coals. Apparently all the food is prepared both traditionally and with modern efficiency.
Moving deeper into the kitchens we saw several massive vats of dhal and sabzi simmering above gas flames. A Sikh garbed only in a Kurta stood stirring the giant metal pot with a ladle over seven feet long. With some urging, I tried my hand at the task and found it exhilarating and difficult. What a treat. Everywhere were the normal staples of an Indian meal busily being prepared, but on a psychedelically large scale. We saw pots of chay the size of a baby swimming pool steaming above wood fires.
Obviously, we had to try the food that we had just "helped" prepare. We trailed behind our guide into the massive dining halls along with several other hundreds of hungry bellies. Grabbing a plate and spoon we sat down in a long row of fifty people, ogling the dozens of other rows of hungry people slurping and gulping down the tasty, vat-prepared lentils. The food was good. No, excellent. Volunteers slopped ladles of dhal and vegetables onto our plates at dizzying speeds. Just as quickly, the diners ate their food in record times, and before we knew what was happening, people were getting up with empty plates in less than five minutes. We hurried to catch up and left the hall with deliciously painful guts. We had just watched about a thousand people be fed in minutes; the Langer kitchen at the Golden Temple has been operating like this 24/7 for over four hundred years.
We spent the rest of the day digesting our food and taking in the whole experience. Our Sikh friend left us and we watched as the white marble slowly changed colors as the sun began to set. The Golden Temple itself took on a life of its own, shimmering with an aura of mystical light. The chanting turned to song as the sun set and we sat lost in a trance as the singing of the holy scriptures bathed us in sweet melancholy. I pondered nothing and everything at once, while the temple seemed to breathe slow, even breaths.
We stayed for the closing ceremony in an exhausted way. At 10:15 a group of holy Sikhs began to prepare a massive golden palanquin to carry the Granth Sahib from the Darbar Mandir to its resting place in the Akal Takhat. They adorned it with marigolds strung into beautiful garlands and placed several pillows inside the palanquin to make the short trip comfortable for the holy book. All the while the men chanted in perfect unison. Then, with eight men, they carried the palanquin on their shoulders down the marble walkway to pick up the book. Dozens of pilgrims bustled around them, lending a hand with the weight and watching in awe at the spiritual procession. We waited at the resting place for several minutes. Then, still to the sound of chanting, the large group came back with the holy book and with swift agility placed it onto the head of a Sikh who carried it up the steps and inside the main hall. There, behind thick glass doors and with hundreds of squirming bodies trying to watch, the Sikh put the book to rest with surprising gentleness. We watched as wooden doors closed and the Guru was left to slumber.
We left the temple that night much as we had that morning we arrived in Amritsar. This time though, there was a little more magic moving our feet as we stumbled back to our hotel, exhausted and ready for more.











